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1.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(2): [101434], Mar-Abr. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231162

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: Determinar la asociación de fuerza prensil de mano y extensores de rodilla con el estado nutricional de adultos mayores de la comunidad. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal. Se analizó peso y talla de 847 adultos mayores según índice de masa corporal y se clasificaron en cuatro categorías nutricionales según el Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Se evaluó la fuerza prensil de mano y extensores de rodilla para ambas extremidades. La fuerza fue normalizada por masa corporal y se utilizó la correlación de Spearman entre índice de masa corporal y fuerza muscular. Resultados: La muestra fue de 582 mujeres y 265 hombres con edad promedio de 71,72±7,09. Las mujeres presentaron un índice de masa corporal de 30,03±5,48 y los hombres 27,64±4,05, la categoría más numerosa fue normopeso (n = 288) y la menor bajo peso (n = 74). La fuerza prensil de mano presentó mayor correlación que extensores de rodilla, específicamente, fuerza prensil de mano derecha (r: -0,40). La mayor correlación y significancia la presentó la categoría obesa para todas las mediciones de fuerza, resultando la fuerza prensil de mano derecha como la más alta (r: -0,29). Conclusiones: El aumento del estado nutricional de los adultos mayores influye negativamente sobre la fuerza muscular. La mejor asociación entre índice de masa corporal y fuerza muscular fue la prensión de mano derecha. Resalta el hallazgo del aumento de la esperanza de vida a medida que disminuye el IMC de la muestra. Futuros estudios deberían generar percentiles y valores normalizados en población chilena.(AU)


Aim: To determine the association of hand grip strength and knee extensor strength with the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults. Material and methods: Observational cross-sectional study. Weight and height of 847 older adults were analyzed according to body mass index and classified into four nutritional categories according to the Chilean Ministry of Health. Hand grip and knee extensors strength for both extremities were evaluated. Strength was normalized by body mass. Spearman's correlation between body mass index and muscle strength was used. Results: The sample was 582 women, 265 men and an average age of 71.72±7.09. The women had a BMI of 30.03±5.48 and the men of 27.64 ± 4.05, the most numerous category was normal weight (n = 288) and the lowest low weight (n = 74). Hand grip strength presented a higher correlation than knee extensors, specifically, right hand grip strength (r: −0.40). The highest correlation and significance were presented by the obese category for all strength measurements, with right hand grip strength being the highest (r: −0.29). Conclusions: The increase in the nutritional status of older adults has a negative influence on muscle strength. The best association between body mass index and muscle strength was the right hand grip. The finding of the increase in life expectancy as the nutritional status of the sample decreases stands out. Future studies are needed to generate percentiles and normalized values in the Chilean population.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Estado Nutricional , Antropometria , Força Muscular , Índice de Massa Corporal , Força da Mão , Estudos Transversais , Saúde do Idoso , Chile , Envelhecimento
2.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 59(2): 101434, 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37972498

RESUMO

AIM: To determine the association of hand grip strength and knee extensor strength with the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study. Weight and height of 847 older adults were analyzed according to body mass index and classified into four nutritional categories according to the Chilean Ministry of Health. Hand grip and knee extensors strength for both extremities were evaluated. Strength was normalized by body mass. Spearman's correlation between body mass index and muscle strength was used. RESULTS: The sample was 582 women, 265 men and an average age of 71.72±7.09. The women had a BMI of 30.03±5.48 and the men of 27.64 ± 4.05, the most numerous category was normal weight (n = 288) and the lowest low weight (n = 74). Hand grip strength presented a higher correlation than knee extensors, specifically, right hand grip strength (r: -0.40). The highest correlation and significance were presented by the obese category for all strength measurements, with right hand grip strength being the highest (r: -0.29). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the nutritional status of older adults has a negative influence on muscle strength. The best association between body mass index and muscle strength was the right hand grip. The finding of the increase in life expectancy as the nutritional status of the sample decreases stands out. Future studies are needed to generate percentiles and normalized values in the Chilean population.


Assuntos
Força da Mão , Estado Nutricional , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Vida Independente , Estudos Transversais , Força Muscular/fisiologia
3.
Kinesiologia ; 42(4): 300-307, 20231215.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552541

RESUMO

Introducción. La población de personas mayores (PM) en Chile presenta un incremento sostenido con importantes tasas de fragilidad y riesgo de caídas (RC). El desempeño de marcha permite valorarlo mediante parámetros mecánicos y fisiológicos. Nos preguntamos, ¿cuáles podrían ser los más relevantes para estimar RC en condiciones de marcha confortable (MC) y máxima (MM)? Objetivo. Identificar los principales parámetros de marcha que podrían explicar RC en PM autovalentes de la comunidad. Métodos. Estudio observacional y transversal en el cual participaron 53 PM autovalentes de la comuna de Talca, Chile (edad 71±7años; IMC 29,1±3,4 kg/m2). Se solicitó a los participantes la ejecución de MC (n=53) y posteriormente MM (n=36). Ambas modalidades fueron desarrolladas en un circuito elíptico de 40m durante 3min. El RC se categorizó como: "sin riesgo", "riesgo dinámico" según prueba timed up and go (TUG) positiva, "riesgo estático" según estación unipodal (EUP) positiva y "riesgo mixto" con ambas pruebas positivas. Para la visualización de la variación gráfica en el morfoespacio de los individuos según RC, se realizó un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) mediante el Programa RStudio, utilizando 6 variables cinemáticas: i) velocidad promedio de marcha (VPM), ii) cadencia, iii) máximo despeje del pie (MDP), iv) coeficiente de variación (%CV) del MDP, v) longitud de zancada (LZ) y vi) %CV de la LZ. Además de 2 variables fisiológicas: i) % frecuencia cardiaca de reserva utilizada (%FCRu) y ii) el índice de costo fisiológico según la relación entre FC y VM (latidos/metros). Resultados. Para MC las dimensiones del ACP explican el 56% de la variabilidad de los datos, siendo los indicadores de seguridad de RC la VM, cadencia, LZ y MDP. La variabilidad de marcha explica RC mixto y el ICF junto al %FCRu se asocian a RC dinámico. En condiciones de MM, el ACP explica 60% de la variabilidad de datos, donde las PM sin RC se asocian con VM, LZ y MDP. Por su parte, la variabilidad del MDP se vincula con RC dinámico y las variables fisiológicas con el RC mixto. Conclusiones. Los parámetros de marcha que mejor explican una marcha segura y eficiente son cinemáticos de la fase de balanceo, mientras que la variabilidad y el costo fisiológico se asocian como indicadores de RC dinámico y mixto.


Background. Introduction: The elderly population (EP) in Chile is experiencing a sustained increase with significant rates of frailty and risk of falls (RF). Gait performance can be assessed using mechanical and physiological parameters. We wonder, which ones could be the most relevant to estimate RF in self-selected walking speed (SSWS) and maximum walking speed (MWS) conditions? Objective. Identify the main gait parameters that could explain RF in self-sufficient elderly individuals from the community. Methods. This observational and cross-sectional study included 53 self-sufficient elderly individuals from the commune of Talca, Chile (age 71±7 years; BMI 29.1±3.4 kg/m2). Participants were asked to perform SSWS (n=53) and subsequently MWS (n=36). Both modalities were conducted on a 40m elliptical circuit for 3 minutes. RF was categorized as: "no risk," "dynamic risk" based on a positive timed up and go test, "static risk" based on a positive one-legged stance test, and "mixed risk" with both tests positive. To visualize the graphical variation in the morphospace of individuals according to RF, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted using RStudio, utilizing 6 kinematic variables: i) walking speed (WS), ii) cadence, iii) maximum foot clearance (MFC), iv) coefficient of variation (%CV) of MFC, v) stride length (SL), and vi) %CV of SL. In addition to 2 physiological variables: i) % of reserve heart rate used (%RHRu) and ii) the physiological cost index based on the relationship between heart rate and WS (heartbeats/meters). Results. For SSWS, the PCA dimensions explained 56% of the data variability, with gait safety indicators such as WS, cadence, SL, and MFC explaining RF. Gait variability explains mixed RF, while the physiological cost index and %RHRu are associated with dynamic RF. In MWS conditions, PCA explains 60% of the data variability, where the elderly persons without RF are associated with WS, SL, and MFC. On the other hand, MFC variability is related to dynamic RF, and physiological variables are associated with mixed RF. Conclusions. The gait parameters that best explain safe and efficient walking are kinematic parameters of the swing phase, while variability and physiological cost are indicators of dynamic and mixed RF.

4.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(2): 576-583, jun. 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-954157

RESUMO

Knowing the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle is critical to understand how it works under normal situation and the disorders caused by extreme or pathological conditions. Sarcomere is the basic structural unit of striated muscle tissue. An important element of sarcomere architecture are the intermediate filaments, including the desmin protein. Desmin protein contributes to maintenance of cell integrity, efficient transmission of force and mechanochemical signaling within the myocyte. Because of this, desmin protein has constantly been a focus of research that investigates its alterations associated to damage and muscle atrophy under different conditions. The purpose of the following literature review is to describe the basic concepts of muscle ultrastructure, emphasizing the desmin protein role under conditions of muscle disuse atrophy and aging.


Conocer la ultraestructura del músculo esquelético es crítico para entender cómo trabaja bajo situaciones normales y en desórdenes causados por condiciones extremas o patológicas. La sarcómera es la unidad de estructura básica del tejido muscular estriado. Elementos importantes en la arquitectura de la sarcómera son los filamentos intermedios, incluyendo la proteína desmina. La proteína desmina contribuye en mantener la integridad celular, la transmisión eficiente de fuerza y la señalización mecanoquímica dentro del miocito. Debido a lo anterior, la proteína desmina ha sido constante foco de investigación en trabajos que estudian sus alteraciones asociadas a daño y atrofia muscular bajo diferentes condiciones. El propósito de la siguiente revisión de la literatura es describir los conceptos básicos de la ultraestructura muscular, enfatizando en el rol de la proteína desmina bajo condiciones de atrofia muscular por desuso y envejecimiento.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Sarcômeros/ultraestrutura , Envelhecimento , Músculo Esquelético/ultraestrutura , Desmina/ultraestrutura , Filamentos Intermediários/ultraestrutura
5.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 50(6): 264-269, nov.-dic. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-143496

RESUMO

Introducción. Actualmente se ha planteado la existencia de una estrecha relación entre el estrés oxidativo e inflamatorio crónico de bajo grado. Ambos tipos de estrés han sido relacionados con la función muscular en adultos mayores (AM), sin embargo, no se ha definido si esta relación es particular para AM. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre los niveles plasmáticos de factor necrótico tumoral alfa (TNF-α) y proteínas carboniladas (PC) con la fuerza muscular en un grupo de mujeres jóvenes y adultas mayores. Métodos. Estudio exploratorio. En 13 mujeres mayores y 8 jóvenes, fueron valorados los niveles plasmáticos de PC y TNF-α. La fuerza muscular se valoró mediante las pruebas de fuerza prensil, fuerza isométrica máxima voluntaria de cuádriceps, el arm curl test y el pararse-sentarse en 30 segundos. Resultados. No existieron diferencias entre las concentraciones plasmáticas de PC y TNF-α entre los grupos de estudio, las cuales se relacionaron entre sí solo en el grupo de AM. Se observó una relación no lineal entre las concentraciones plasmáticas de PC y la fuerza isométrica máxima voluntaria de cuádriceps solo en el grupo de AM (R2 = 36,2; p = 0,038). Para el caso del TNF-α no se encontraron asociaciones significativas con ninguna de las pruebas aplicadas. Conclusiones. Existe relación entre las concentraciones plasmáticas de PC y la fuerza isométrica máxima voluntaria de cuádriceps solo en el grupo de AM lo que podría indicar una acción deletérea del estrés oxidativo sobre la función muscular particularmente en el envejecimiento (AU)


Introduction. It has recently been proposed that there is a close relationship between oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation. Both processes have been related separately to muscle function in older adults (OA). Nevertheless, it still has not been determined if this relationship is present particularly in OA. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the plasma levels of TNF-α and carbonyl proteins (CP) and muscle strength in a group of young and older women. Methods. An exploratory study was conducted on 13 older and 8 young women, in whom the plasma levels of CP and TNF-α were measured. Muscle strength was measured by handgrip test, quadriceps voluntary maximal isometric strength, arm curl, and the 30 second sit to stand test. Results. There were no differences in the plasma levels of CP and TNF-α between the groups, but there was relationship between the biomarkers only in the OA group. A non-linear relationship was observed between CP and quadriceps voluntary maximal isometric strength only in the OA group (R2 = 36.2; P=.038). For TNF-α there were no significant association with any of the applied tests. Conclusions. There is an association between CP and quadriceps voluntary maximal isometric strength only in the OA group, which could indicate a deleterious action of oxidative stress on muscle function, particularly in aging (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Força Muscular , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Quadríceps/fisiologia , Carbonilação Proteica , Carbonilação Proteica/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Relação Cintura-Quadril/métodos , Relação Cintura-Quadril , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/normas , Índice de Massa Corporal , Biomarcadores/sangue , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/terapia
6.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 50(6): 264-9, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26100033

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: It has recently been proposed that there is a close relationship between oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation. Both processes have been related separately to muscle function in older adults (OA). Nevertheless, it still has not been determined if this relationship is present particularly in OA. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the plasma levels of TNF-α and carbonyl proteins (CP) and muscle strength in a group of young and older women. METHODS: An exploratory study was conducted on 13 older and 8 young women, in whom the plasma levels of CP and TNF-α were measured. Muscle strength was measured by handgrip test, quadriceps voluntary maximal isometric strength, arm curl, and the 30 second sit to stand test. RESULTS: There were no differences in the plasma levels of CP and TNF-α between the groups, but there was relationship between the biomarkers only in the OA group. A non-linear relationship was observed between CP and quadriceps voluntary maximal isometric strength only in the OA group (R(2)=36.2; P=.038). For TNF-α there were no significant association with any of the applied tests. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between CP and quadriceps voluntary maximal isometric strength only in the OA group, which could indicate a deleterious action of oxidative stress on muscle function, particularly in aging.


Assuntos
Força Muscular , Carbonilação Proteica , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem
7.
Fisioter. pesqui ; 20(4): 310-315, out.-dez. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-699045

RESUMO

La somatosensación cutánea de los miembros inferiores es relevante para la preservación del balance, cuya interacción se compromete con el envejecimiento. El propósito de ésta investigación fue determinar el nivel de relación entre la sensación cutánea plantar y el balance dinámico en adultos mayores saludables. El diseño de estudio fue de corte transversal. La muestra fue conformada por 74 adultos mayores entre 60 y 75 años, incorporados desde un Centro de Salud de Talca, Chile. Se midió la discriminación táctil de dos puntos en: primer, segundo, tercer metatarsiano, borde lateral, arco plantar y talón de ambos pies. El balance dinámico fue valorado con el Biodex Balance System SD, registrando el Índice de Estabilidad General Bilateral, Antero Posterior y Medio Lateral. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el coeficiente de Pearson y la regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados mostraron una correlación baja entre la discriminación de dos puntos del talón derecho con el Índice de Estabilidad General Bilateral (r=0,244; p=0,018) y con el Medio Lateral (r=0,267; p=0,011). El talón izquierdo se correlacionó con el Índice de Estabilidad General Bilateral (r=0,268; p=0,011) y el Medio Lateral (r=0,285; p=0,007). El análisis de correlación múltiple no mostró influencia de los factores antropométricos y de salud, tales como: edad, índice de masa corporal, número de medicamentos, enfermedades y caídas en la varianza de los índices de balance dinámico. En conclusión, la disminución de la sensación cutánea plantar de ambos talones se asoció levemente con mayores índices de balance dinámico total y medio lateral...


The skin somatosensation of lower extremities is relevant in the preservation of balance, whose interaction is compromised with aging. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of relationship between plantar cutaneous sensation with the dynamic balance in healthy elderly population. The study design was cross-sectional. A sample composed of 74 healthy elderly population between 60 and 75 years old, recruited from a Primary Care Center in the city of Talca, Chile. We measured the tactile discrimination of two points: first, second and third metatarsal, lateral border, arch and heel of both feet. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Biodex Balance System SD, recording the Overall Stability Index, the anterior-posterior, and the medial-lateral stability index. For the statistical analysis, we used Pearson's coefficient and the multiple linear regression. The results showed low correlation between the two-point discrimination of the right heel with the Overall Stability Index (r=0.244; p=0.018) and the medial-lateral stability index (r=0.267; p=0.011). The left heel was correlated with the Overall (r=0.268; p=0.011) and medial-lateral (r=0.285; p=0.007) stability indices. The multiple correlation analysis showed no influence of anthropometric and health factors, such as: age, body mass index, medicine number, diseases, and falls in the variance of the dynamic balance indexes. In conclusion, the reduced plantar cutaneous sensation in both heels was associated with slightly higher rates of total and medial lateral dynamic balance...


A sensação somática cutânea dos membros inferiores é relevante para a preservação do equilíbrio, cuja interação fica comprometida com o envelhecimento. O objetivo desta investigação foi determinar o nível de relação entre a sensibilidade cutânea plantar e o equilíbrio dinâmico em idosos saudáveis. O estudo é de tipo corte transversal. A amostra foi composta por 74 idosos entre 60 e 75 anos, advindos de um Centro de Saúde de Talca, no Chile. A discriminação tátil de dois pontos foi medida no primeiro, segundo e terceiro metatarsiano, na borda lateral, no arco plantar e no calcanhar de ambos os pés. O equilíbrio dinâmico foi medido por meio do Biodex Balance System SD, que registrou o Índice de Estabilidade Geral Bilateral, Anteroposterior e Médio Lateral. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o coeficiente de Pearson e a regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados mostraram uma baixa correlação entre a discriminação de dois pontos do calcanhar direito e o Índice de Estabilidade Geral Bilateral (r=0,244; p=0,018) e o Médio Lateral (r=0,267; p=0,011). O calcanhar esquerdo foi correlacionado com o Índice de Estabilidade Geral Bilateral (r=0,268; p=0,011) e o Médio Lateral (r=0,285; p=0,007). A análise de correlação múltipla não mostrou influência dos fatores antropométricos e de saúde, tais como: idade, índice de massa corpórea, número de medicamentos, doenças e quedas na variação dos índices de equilíbrio dinâmico. Em conclusão, a diminuição da sensibilidade cutânea plantar de ambos os calcanhares teve uma pequena associação com os maiores índices de equilíbrio dinâmico total e médio lateral...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidentes por Quedas , Envelhecimento , , Equilíbrio Postural , Sensação , Antropometria , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Calcanhar , Fatores de Risco
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